Grammar and composition

 Q.1.,Explain active passive voice (Future Perfect Tense).

🌟 What is Voice in Grammar?

Voice shows whether the subject of the sentence is doing the action or receiving the action.

🔹 Active Voice – Definition:

Active voice is when the subject of the sentence performs the action of the verb.

🔹 Passive Voice – Definition:

Passive voice is when the subject of the sentence receives the action of the verb.

⌖Positive sentence pattern: 

A.V.: subject + will have + past participle (V3)+object + other word. 

P.V: object + will have been + past participle (V3)+buy + subject + other word.

Examples:

1.She will have completed the assignment.

→The assignment will have been completed by her. 

2.They will have painted the house.

→The house will have been painted by them. 

3. He will have written the book. 

→The book will have been written by him.

4.They will have built a new house.

→ A new house will have been built by them.

5.He will have cleaned the room.

→The room will have been cleaned by him.

⌖Negative sentence pattern:

A.V.: subject + will not have + past participle (V3) + object + other word. 

P.V.: object + will not have + been + V3 + by + subject + other words. 

Examples:

1. He will not have repaired the car. 

→The car will not have been repaired by him.

2. They will not have completed the task. 

→The task will not have been completed by them. 

3. We will not have send the invitation. 

→The invitation will not have been sent by us. 

4.He will not have cleaned the room.

→ The room will not have been cleaned by him.

5.She will not have cooked dinner before 8 PM.

→Dinner will not have been cooked by her before 8 PM.

⌖Introgative sentence pattern:

A.V.: will + subject + have+ V3 + object + other word?

P.V.: will + object + have been + V3 + by + subject?

Examples:

1.Will you have cleaned your room by night?

→Will your room have been cleaned by you by night?

2.Will they have submitted the forms on time?

→Will the forms have been submitted by them on time?

3.Will we have reached the airport before 5 AM?

→Will the airport have been reached by us before 5 AM?

4.Will she have joined the class by then?

→Will the class have been joined by her by then?

5.Will he have completed his work before the deadline?

→Will the work have been completed by him before the deadline?

Q.2., Reading Comprehensive.

        It was already late when we set out for the next town which according to the map was about fifteen kilometers away on the other side of the hills. There we felt that we would find a bed for the night. Darkness fell soon after we left the village. But luckily we had no rain as we drove swiftly along the narrow winding road that led to the hills. As we climbed higher, it became colder and rain began to fall, making it difficult at times to see the road. I asked John, my companion, to drive more slowly. After we had travelled for about twenty kilometers, there was still no sign of the town which was marked on the map. We were beginning to get worried. Then without warning, the car stopped and we found we had run out of petrol.

•Question- Answers:

(1) When did the narrator and his companion set out for there journey? 

They set out let in the evening. 

(2) What did the map indicate? 

The map show that the next town was about 15 km away, on the other side of the hills. 

(3) What happen is the climb higher into the hills?

It became colder, and rain begin to fall, making a difficult to see the road.

(4) Why did the narrator ask John to drive more slowly? 

Because the rain and winding road mad it hard to see and drive safely. 

(5) How far did they travel before realising they were lost?

They had travelled about 20 km without saying any sign of the town.

(6) What problem did the face in the end? 

The rain out of petrol.

Q.3., dialogue writing. 

Student: Good morning, ma'am.

Librarian: Good morning. How can I help you?

Student: I want to return this book. It’s a few days late.

Librarian: Let me check... Yes, it was due three days ago. You’ll have to pay a small late fine.

Student: Oh, I’m sorry. I was unwell and couldn’t come to school.

Librarian: That’s okay. Please be careful next time. The fine is ₹5.

Student: Here you go. Also, can I borrow another book today?

Librarian: Yes, of course. What kind of book are you looking for?

Student: I need a science reference book for my project.

Librarian: You’ll find those on the third shelf. Let me know if you need help finding a specific title.

Student: Thank you so much, ma'am!

Librarian: You’re welcome. Take your time and choose well.