Anjaniba Jadeja

#Explain the concept of Vakrokti Theory. ⁕Founder of Vakrokti Theory: Name: Kuntaka Century: 10th century CE Work: Vakroktijivita (“The Life of Vakrokti”) Contribution: Propounded Vakrokti Theory Core Idea: Vakrokti (special/oblique expression) is the soul (atma) of poetry. ࿇ What is Vakrokti Theory?          Vakroktijivita (“The Life of Vakrokti”) is a landmark work of Sanskrit poetics written by Kuntaka in the 10th century CE. In this text, Kuntaka presents his famous Vakrokti Theory, where he declares that vakrokti (unique or oblique expression) is the very soul (atma) of poetry.      Unlike ordinary language, which communicates directly, poetry lives because it bends, twists, and beautifies words to produce delight. This special mode of expression, which deviates from plain speech, is what makes poetry different from common discourse.       The work explains six levels of vakrata (obliqueness/uniqueness) — from sound level to th...

  Q.1 Translate the given words. English to Gujarati Words English Word Gujarati Translation Determination દ્રઢ સંકલ્પ Articulate સ્પષ્ટ/ અસરકારક રીતે Benevolent ઉપકારક, દયાળુ Cognitive જ્ઞાન સંબંધિત, માનસિક પ્રક્રિયા Conscientious પરિશ્રમી, જવાબદાર Notion કલ્પના, વિચાર Prevalent સામાન્ય રીતે જોવા મળતું Scrutinize ઊંડાણપૂર્વક તપાસ Viable પ્રયોગ યોગ્ય Abolish રદ કરવું, ના Ambiguous સ્પષ્ટ ન હોવું Concede માની લેવું Diminish ઘટાડવું, ઓછું કરવું Hierarchy અધિકાર ક્રમ Inhibit અવરોધો, રોકવું Gujarati to English Words Gujarati Word English Translation સૌંદર્યમુલક Aesthetic પ્રશંસા કરવી Acclaim સમર્થન કરવું, વકીલ Advocate મહત્વકાંક્ષા Ambition ઈચ્છા રાખવી Aspire મજબૂર Compel વિશ્વસનીય Credible ખુલાસો કરવો Disclose નિષ્ફળ Futile સંતોષ Gratify અવરોધરૂપ Hinder ઈમાનદારી Integrity ચતુરાઈ થી કાબુમાં લેવું Manipulate બગાડવું Distort ...

Q.1., Explain the concept of Dhwani Theory. ✢ Founder of Dhwani Theory: Founder: Anandavardhana (9th century CE) Work: Dhvanyaloka (“Light on Suggestion”) Core Idea: Poetry’s soul = suggested meaning (vyangya) Focus: Emotional depth (rasa) beyond literal meaning Influenced by: Abhinavagupta’s elaborations Key Term: Dhvani = “Resonance” or “Suggestion” 𖠁 What is Dhwani Theory? The Dhvani Theory is one of the most important concepts in Indian poetics, formulated by the Kashmiri literary critic Anandavardhana in the 9th century CE in his Sanskrit treatise Dhvanyaloka (Light on Suggestion). Literal meaning of “Dhvani”: In Sanskrit, dhvani means “sound,” “echo,” or “resonance.” In poetics: It means suggestion — the idea that the real beauty of poetry lies not in what is said directly, but in what is implied or suggested beyond the literal meaning of the words. ✥Types of Dhvani (Anandavardhana– Dhvanyaloka): Anandavardhana classifies dhvani according to what is being suggested. He identifie...

“Translation Studies is the scientific study of translation as a theory and practice.” 📖What is Translation Studies?     Translation Studies is the academic field that researches translation, interpreting, and related practices.The study of translation is the exploration of how meaning travels from one language to another.      It is an interdisciplinary field, drawing on linguistics, literature, cultural studies, philosophy, and technology, making it one of the most dynamic areas of study today.     In today’s globalized, multilingual world, the study of translation is vital. It helps us understand not only how texts move across languages, but also how ideas, values, and cultures travel and transform, shaping human communication throughout history and into the digital age.    The term was introduced by James S. Holmes in 1972 in his paper “The Name and Nature of Translation Studies.”    Earlier, translation was only seen as a prac...

 ⌘ Introduction-     Translation is as old as human civilization. From the moment different language communities began to trade, share knowledge, or spread religion, the need for translation arose. At first, it was a practical activity—scribes and interpreters helped kings, merchants, and priests communicate across languages. Over time, translation became not only a tool of communication but also a carrier of culture, religion, and literature.      The history of translation can be seen as the story of how human beings have tried to bridge the gap between languages while debating two eternal questions: 1. Should translation be word-for-word (literal) 2. Or should it be sense-for-sense (natural, idiomatic)      In the West, earliest records = Babylon (c. 2100 BCE) where scribes translated official documents to govern multilingual empires.    Translation has been seen in different ways: an art, craft, or science. Translators are often...

 Q.1.,Explain active passive voice (Future Perfect Tense). 🌟 What is Voice in Grammar? Voice shows whether the subject of the sentence is doing the action or receiving the action. 🔹 Active Voice – Definition: Active voice is when the subject of the sentence performs the action of the verb. 🔹 Passive Voice – Definition: Passive voice is when the subject of the sentence receives the action of the verb. ⌖Positive sentence pattern:  A.V.: subject + will have + past participle (V3)+object + other word.  P.V: object + will have been + past participle (V3)+buy + subject + other word. Examples: 1.She will have completed the assignment. →The assignment will have been completed by her.  2.They will have painted the house. →The house will have been painted by them.  3. He will have written the book.  →The book will have been written by him. 4.They will have built a new house. → A new house will have been built by them. 5.He will have cleaned the room. →The room wi...

(1.)Plot in the novel according to hudson What is plot in the novel?                The plot is the sequence of events that make up the story in a novel. It's the structure that holds the story together- how one event leads to another, and how conflicts and characters evolve overtime. Think of the plot as the "backbone" of the story without it there would be no direction, no cause and effect, and no emotional journey for the reader. According to Hudson, "Plot is the plan, the scheme, the story, the arrangement of incidence in there logical or casual order."               This main door what is not just what happened, but how and why events happen in a connected, meaningful way.  Key features of plot  1.) A logical structure of events: The plot must follow a logical order: one event should naturally lead to another. It is not enough to simply pily events together they must be casually connected. E....